- LESSON 1 -

Reading 1  여러분의 꿈은 무엇이며 그 꿈을 이루기 위해 어떻게 해야 하는지 생각해 봅시다.

How to Make Our Dreams Come True

A dream is a goal which we do our best to achieve. A dream is a hope which can change our lives. A dream is an energy which helps us become active in life.

What kind of dream do you have? Some of you would like to become famous people, like movie stars or singers. Others would like to make a big fortune. Still others would like to become leaders of Korea.

The important thing is that you should have a dream not only for yourselves but also for others.

Here is some advice on how to make your dream come true.

First of all, you need to find the right dream for you. You need to think about what you really want to do in the future. Sometimes, you are not the best person to find it. So ask for some advice from your parents, teachers, and friends.

Second, when you have found what you want to do in the future, you need to think about how you can achieve it. Think about what you should do to achieve it.

Finally, it is important for you to make a good plan. Make your plan as specific as possible so that you can follow it step by step.

Reading 2  자신의 미래 모습과 장래 희망에 대해 생각해 봅시다.

What Is Your Future Dream?

The following essays on "My　future　Dream"　are written by Junho and Jiyeon. Let's see what dreams they have for their future.

I would like to become a businessman in the future. If I become rich, I will spend my fortune for others.

For example, I will give a large amount of money to scientists. It will help them conduct research to find cures for diseases. I want to live in a world without disease.

In addition, I will donate a lot of money to environmental groups so that they can work to save the earth. This money will help them work for clean air and water.

Finally, I will create a world-famous prize like the Nobel Prize. I'm sure that this prize will encourage those who are working to help others.

I hope my dream comes true in the future.

- Junho -

It has always been my dream to become a good English teacher. English is my favorite subject. I also like teaching.

To become a good English teacher, I'd like to study English more either in England or in America. At the same time, I'd like to learn about American and British culture because culture is a part of language.

After I become an English teacher, I'll help students learn how to communicate well with each other in English.

I'll do my best to become a good English teacher in the future.

- Jiyeon -

- LESSON 2 -

Reading 1  자기 학교의 웹사이트를 어떻게 만들지 생각해 봅시다.

Jiyeon's and Jake's School Websites

Jiyeon has a keypal, Jake, who attends an international school in Korea. They decided to visit each other's school website. Jiyeon spent many hours surfing Jake's school website last weekend.

Jiyeon found that it had a lot of information. It included not only the history of the school, but also information about the teachers and the curriculum, as well as the school festivals and events. In addition, there were a lot of pictures of student activities.

She found Jake in one of the pictures. In the picture, Jake was cooking with an apron and a white cap on. She thought that Jake must be a member of the cooking club at his school.

Yesterday Jiyeon and Jake exchanged e-mails. They talked about how they felt about each other's school website. Jiyeon said that she was impressed by the large amount of information on his school website. She also said that it was a good chance for her to learn about his school.

Jake said to Jiyeon that he could not understand much about her school because the website was written in Korean. He recommended Jiyeon to make an English version of her school website as well.

Reading 2  자기 친구와 학교 웹사이트에 관하여 어떤 정보를 교환할 수 있는지 생각해 봅시다.

Jiyeon's and Jake's E-mail

Jiyeon and Jake exchanged e-mails about their school websites.

Hi Jake,

Yesterday I had a chance to browse your school website. It was a lot of fun to learn about your school. I realized that your school system is very different from mine. It was interesting to see that there are elementary, middle, and high school students in the same building. What a small school! Your school consists of only 250 students in all twelve grades, but my school has 1,200 students in only three middle school grades. That's a big difference!

By the way, I found you in one of the pictures. You looked very cute wearing an apron and a white cap. I think that you like cooking.

How did you like my school website?

From Jiyeon

Hi Jiyeon,

I'm glad that you liked my school website. Did I ever tell you I was a member of the team that made the school website? We worked hard to make a nice one.

I browsed your school website. At first glance, it looked very colorful. However, I couldn't understand the information on it because I can't read Korean well. I have studied Korean at school for two years, but my reading ability is still not very good.

If the website had been written in English, I would have understood it much better. Why don't you make a few pages in English? If you do, I can learn even more about your school.

Bye for now,

Jake

- LESSON 3 -

Reading 1  자기가 좋아하는 만화 영화와 유명한 만화가에 대해 생각해 봅시다.

Chuck Jones Was the Most Famous Animator

Do you know who Chuck Jones was? He was one of the most famous animation artists who ever lived. He brought us laughter for over sixty years. His works included Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Elmer Fudd, Porky Pig, and the Road Runner and Coyote.

Chuck was born in Washington in 1912. His family moved to southern California where he spent much of his life. Since he lived near Hollywood, he was able to get an opportunity to observe the process of film production.

Chuck was encouraged to have an interest in art by his parents. At age 15, Chuck entered an art school now known as the California Institute of the Arts. At the school, he decided to become an animator. After graduation, he worked as a janitor. Later, he became an artist. Then, he bounced from studio to studio until he found a job at Schlesinger Productions. There, Chuck worked hard to create famous cartoons, and later he became a famous cartoon director.

Chuck Jones became one of the most famous animation directors in the 1950s. In the 1960s, he produced many cartoons and characters including Tom and Jerry. He won four Academy Awards: three times for his cartoons and the last one for his dedication as an animator.

Through his excellent artistic ideas and talent, Chuck Jones became a master in the field of animated cartoons.

Reading 2  만화 영화를 만들기 위하여 어떤 작업 과정이 필요한지 생각해 봅시다.

How Are Animated Cartoons Made?

Have you thought about how TV cartoons are made? Making cartoons is not easy. It takes a lot of time, a lot of work, and a lot of people.

Every cartoon begins with an idea. Writers talk over this idea. Their job is to think up an exciting story. Then, characters are decided and the model drawings are made. When a story is ready, many sketches are made to show the major parts of the story.

When the story is finished, the animators make a sketch for every scene. They do this work with a pencil. These pencil drawings show all the actions of the story. These are model charts. The animators work together with artists who copy these model charts to show the different actions of each character.

Then, inkers do an ink job on a clear plastic sheet. They put a number on each sheet. Next the clear sheets go to painters who paint them with different colors.

Next the cameraman takes a picture of each drawing, one by one. He places each clear sheet on the background and takes a picture again. This job takes a lot of time. It takes twenty-four pictures for every second to make the drawings come to life. This means that in a ten-minute cartoon about 15,000 drawings are needed. Nowadays, thanks to computers, these jobs have become a lot easier and faster than before.

Now the final step is to add the sound. Actors watch the film and dub in the voices of the different characters. The voices are mixed with sound effects and background music.

Finally, the cartoon is finished.

- LESSON 4 -

Reading 1  누가 진정한 친구인지 생각해 봅시다.

How to Make Friends

There are different kinds of friends around us. One kind of friend is called an acquaintance. Acquaintances do not know each other well because they seldom spend time together. Every person usually has many acquaintances because it is quite easy to make new acquaintances. Having acquaintances helps make life interesting.

Another kind of friend is called a playmate. Playmates usually spend much time together but usually just to have fun or do exercise together. Having playmates helps make life enjoyable.

The third kind of friend is a best friend. Best friends always show their love by helping each other or by respecting each other's thoughts and feelings. They are always unselfish and honest with each other. Having best friends helps make life rich. Helen Keller said in her book, "Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light."

Then, how can you make true friends? There are several things you should do. First, think of your friends as being special and important. You have to appreciate that they have something valuable and important to give to other people. Second, show your friends that you are interested in them. You should try to know, for example, what their future dreams or hobbies are. Third, you should open your mind to your friends. You can never build true friendship unless you try to listen to your friends.

Friendship doesn't just happen. It takes much time and work to build a real friendship. A famous German saying tells us, "Friendship is like a plant that we must often water."

Reading 2  우정에 대해 교훈을 주는 재미있는 이야기를 생각해 봅시다.

A Friend In Need Is a Friend Indeed

There lived two friends in a small town. They always said to others that they were best friends.

One day, these two friends were walking together in a field. Suddenly a bear appeared from the woods. At first, they didn't know what to do because both of them were frightened. One of them ran off, climbed a tree and hid in the branches. He thought that the bear could not see him.

Unfortunately, there wasn't enough room in the small tree for his friend. The friend knew that he could not fight a bear by himself. So he decided to lie down in the field and pretend to be dead.

The bear came to the man who was lying down in the field. It touched the frightened man with its paw. It also sniffed his arms, legs, face, and even his ears. The man held his breath and tried not to move his body. At last the bear went away.

His friend jumped down from the tree and went over to the man. He asked, "What did the bear say to you? I saw the bear put his mouth close to your ear."

"Oh,"　said the man, "the bear just told me I should be careful not to have a friend who will run away when I am in trouble."

- LESSON 5 -

Reading 1  유전학이 우리 생활에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 생각해 봅시다.

What Makes You Resemble Your Parents?

We can see ourselves in our parents. We have often heard from our grandparents, "You do look a lot like your father. You speak and do things in the same way as your father did. You even walk like your father."

We resemble our parents because we inherited traits from our parents. Traits are things like hair color, nose shape, height, and so on.

Animals and plants also get traits from their parents. For example, the speed of a horse is usually inherited. If a horse is fast, there's a good chance that its young horse will also be fast. Therefore, people think that the bloodline of a horse is important.

For a long time, people have wondered why children resemble their parents. In the past there was no way to explain this clearly. However, in the middle of the nineteenth century, research showed that it was because of genes.

What are genes? Genes are like blueprints which make up the human body. People usually say, "I'm short because my genes have such a trait." They may be right. Our genes do determine everything from our height to the color of our eyes. They even make us male or female.

Genes also play an important role in our health. Some people suffer from cancer because they inherited a bad gene. Although genes have a powerful effect on us, they do not control all of our lives. A person may have inherited a gene for a long life, but a bad environment may make his or her life shorter.

Therefore, our environment may have an important effect on our lives.

Reading 2  우리 인체의 유전인자가 어떤 일을 하는지 생각해 봅시다.

What Is the Human Genome Project?

The human body has about 30,000 genes, which are pieces of information that determine our traits. The information in the genes determines who we are.

Genes are really made of chemicals in a string called DNA. The order of these chemicals makes up who we are and what traits we may have. For example, the genes of eye color determine whether we have brown eyes or blue eyes. The genes of height tell us how tall we may be.

A whole set of genes is called a genome. Every animal or plant has a different type of genome. Therefore, there are different types of animals and plants in the world.

Today scientists are trying to identify how genes are combined in the human body. We call this effort the Human Genome Project(HGP). The Human Genome Project is an effort to identify and map the structure of the human genome. The human genome map was completed in the year of 2000 by American scientists. They identified almost all the genes in human DNA, and stored this information in computers. People said that it would be great work similar to the Men-on-the-Moon project in the 1960s. Thanks to this work, human beings in the near future may be able to control diseases, aging, and bad genetic traits.

- LESSON 6 -

Reading  동서양의 고대 신화가 우리에게 주는 교훈을 생각해 봅시다.

How Did Summer and Winter Begin?

Act Ⅰ

Scene 1

(One sunny day in spring, Demeter and Persephone are taking a walk along the street. Some farmers are saying hello to them. The farmers are giving them flowers and fruit.)

Farmer 1     Dear Demeter! These flowers and fruit are for you. Please help us have a good harvest.

Demeter      I promise I will. The weather will be mild and the rain will be more  than enough.

Farmer 2     Thank you, Demeter. Your daughter is as beautiful as you are.

Demeter      What a nice thing to say! Do you really think so?

Farmers      Yes, we do, Demeter.

Scene 2

(Demeter is singing a song. Persephone is busy picking flowers.)

Demeter       Let's go, Persephone.

Persephone   OK, mother. I'm coming.

(Persephone is still picking flowers.)

Persephone   (running after her mother) Mom! Mom! Where are you?

Oh, no. I can't find my mom. What shall I do?

Scene 3

(Persephone is weeping. Suddenly, the ground opens up and a huge chariot comes out. A man in a dark coat is driving the chariot.)

Persephone   What a surprise!

You frightened me! Who are you?

Hades        (loudly) I'm Hades, King of the Underworld.

Persephone   What do you want?

Hades        (looking at her carefully) You must be Persephone!

Persephone   Yes, I am.

Hades        (kneeling) Persephone! I have loved you for a long time. Please marry me and become the Queen of the Underworld.

Persephone  No way. I can never live there. There are no flowers or fruit in the Underworld. I also hate darkness and sadness.

(Hades forces Persephone into his chariot. She tries to run away from him, but she can't.)

Act Ⅱ

Scene 1

(At her castle, Demeter is lying in bed. She looks worried. A servant is talking to her.)

Servant             Demeter! Hades, King of the Underworld, took Persephone by force.

Demeter           What? He took her by force?

Servant           Yes. He wants to marry her.

Demeter        How can Persephone marry such a brutal man? Go to the Underworld and bring back my lovely daughter.

Scene 2

(There is no sunshine and the weather is cold. The farmers are worrying about their harvest in the fields.)

Farmer 1    What's wrong with this weather? It is cold, and there hasn't been any sunshine for the last few days.

Farmer 2    Where is Demeter? She promised us a fruitful harvest. We cannot harvest anything in this terrible weather.

Farmers      Let's go see Demeter.

Act Ⅲ

Scene 1

(A dark room in the Underworld. There is some delicious food on the table. Hades is sitting, but Persephone is standing in the corner.)

Hades        Persephone! Please marry me. I'll give you everything in the Underworld.

Persephone   You can't change my mind. Let me go back to my mom.

Hades          No! I won't let you go. You'd better change your mind.

Persephone   (weeping) Oh, Mom! Where are you? I miss you so much.

Scene 2

(In the Underworld, Demeter's messenger is talking to Hades.)

Messenger   Demeter, Queen of the harvest, is very worried about her daughter. She wants you to let Persephone go.

Hades      Go back to Demeter and tell her I'll let her go. But, before I do that, Persephone should promise me to eat six seeds. Can you promise me to do this, Persephone?

Persephone   OK. I promise. (She took the six seeds.) Now, please let me go.

Hades         All right, you can go now.

Persephone was able to go back to her mother. However, Persephone had to return to the Underworld for six months every year because she ate the six seeds. Demeter weeps for her daughter. She allows nothing to grow on earth during the time when her daughter is away. This is why there is summer and winter.

- LESSON 7 -

Reading 1  전 세계에 널리 보급되고 있는 태권도의 우수성과 태권도에 담겨 있는 참뜻을 생각해 봅시다.

Taekwondo Is a World Sport

Taekwondo, Korea's national martial art, is a well-known world sport. Today many young people are learning Taekwondo. More than fifty million practitioners from one hundred and fifty countries are official members of the World Taekwondo Federation.

Since Taekwondo uses many Korean words and phrases, many learners become familiar with the Korean language. Some of them want to learn more about Korea, so thousands of practitioners come to visit Korea every year. Because of this, Taekwondo is considered an important cultural asset to Korea.

The word Taekwondo has the following meaning. Tae means 'kick', Kwon means 'fist',　and Do means 'art'.　So Taekwondo is a martial art that uses both hands and feet.

This sport began more than two thousand years ago. A painting from the Goguryeo Dynasty shows two young men practicing a self-defense form of Taekwondo. During the Silla Dynasty, Taekwondo was a martial art practiced by Hwarang. Young people also learned the sport in the Goryeo Dynasty that followed. During the ages, this sport was practiced not only for a healthy life, but also for mental training.

Reading 2  국제적인 스포츠로서 태권도의 위상과 그에 따른 문화적 가치가 어떻게 평가되고 있는지 생각해 봅시다.

About the World Taekwondo Festival

This sport got its official name, Taekwondo, in 1955. In 1971, it became Korea's national sport. Since then, this sport began to be introduced to the world. Quite a few Taekwondo masters have opened clubs around the world. After Taekwondo was played as an exhibition sport in the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, it became one of the leading martial arts in the world. At last, Taekwondo became an official Olympic sport in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. It is now called a world sport or an Olympic sport.

Since 1998, the World Taekwondo Festival has been held in Korea every year. More than 500 youngsters from sixty countries participated in the World Taekwondo Festival in 2001. The number of the participants is increasing every year.

This world event aims to preserve the educational and cultural traditions of Taekwondo. In addition, it provides the participants with a chance to learn another foreign culture. Through the festival, Taekwondo practitioners around the world become one. We hope this will promote world peace in the future.

- LESSON 8 -

Reading 1  중추절은 중국 사람들에게 어떤 명절인지 생각해 봅시다.

The Mid-Autumn Moon Festival 1

The Mid-Autumn Moon Festival is one of the most widely celebrated Chinese holidays. It comes on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.

This festival is a holiday for family reunions. All of the family members get together to celebrate a good harvest. They prepare a big and delicious meal for their family. On the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival, they eat moon cakes. They also send the cakes as presents to their friends and relatives. The moon cake, which is the shape of the moon, symbolizes family unity and friendship.

On the night of the festival, the Chinese watch the brightest and fullest moon rise. They pray to the moon for their well-being and good fortune.

For Chinese living outside China, hanging lanterns is a feature of the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival. All types of colorful, animal-shaped paper lanterns decorate houses. A round lantern often represents the full and bright moon as well as family unity. Some parents allow children to stay up late. They take their children to high places to light their lanterns. All of them watch the moon rise while eating moon cakes. They can also enjoy a lantern parade. Hundreds of children with beautifully decorated lanterns march along the street.

Reading 2  베트남과 우리 나라에서는 중추절 행사를 어떻게 지내는지 알아봅시다.

The Mid-Autumn Moon Festival 2

People in Vietnam also enjoy the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival. Like in China, they enjoy moon cakes and other special foods to celebrate a good harvest.

For the Vietnamese, paper lanterns are important parts of the festival. They prepare the lanterns several days before the festival. Some Vietnamese make them by themselves, while others buy them at stores. Different shapes of lanterns are decorated with colorful paper. On the day of the festival, people put lit candles inside their lanterns to make them colorful. Some of them bring them to the streets to boast about. The streets are then lit up with colorful paper lanterns under the full moon.

Korea also celebrates Chuseok the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival. On this day, all of the family members get together and enjoy the special food, Songpyeon.

In the morning, people all dress up in their finest clothes. They have a worship ceremony for their ancestors by offering newly harvested fruit and rice. During the daytime, people enjoy traditional games such as Ssireum. In the evening, many people like to go up to a hill and watch the full moon rise. Girls enjoy Ganggangsullae, a traditional dance under the full moon.

Chuseok gives Koreans a chance to get together. It is also a time to give thanks to their ancestors for a good harvest.

- LESSON 9 -

Reading 1  몸짓 언어가 우리 언어 생활에 어떤 기능을 하는지 생각해 봅시다.

Understanding People Better Through Body Language

Body language is useful for communication. This silent language is used with words or without words. With words, it makes the words clearer or emphasizes their meanings. Without words, it replaces words and represents what the speaker wants to say.

For body language, gestures are used more often than anything else. Gestures are the movements that we make with our bodies, such as hands and head. For example, during conversation, the speaker uses gestures to make himself or herself understood more clearly by the listener.

Different cultures have different rules for using body language. For example, in America and England (and also Korea) people point to their hearts to indicate themselves. But in China, people often point to their noses. In America, it's a sign of disrespect to stick out your tongue. But in Tibet, it's a sign of respect and greeting.

Let's take a look at different uses of body language in different cultures. When we would like to say "Yes," we usually nod our head. However, nodding means "No" in Greece and Bulgaria. They usually shake their heads to say "Yes" instead.

Like this, the same gesture could have different meanings and different gestures could have the same meaning across cultures. Therefore, it is important for us to learn how to use gestures correctly.

Reading 2  몸짓 언어와 관련한 재미있는 일화를 알아봅시다.

Different Meanings of Body Language Across Cultures

Sometimes body language has different meanings across cultures. These differences often confuse people. Here is an interesting example that happened between a Korean Taekwondo teacher and his American students. During the Taekwondo class, the Korean teacher gestured to the American students to come closer. He held out his arm with his palm down, and moved his fingers toward them.

To his surprise, they moved backwards instead of coming closer! He didn't know that Americans sometimes use this gesture to mean "Go away."　When Americans want to say "Come here,"　they usually hold out their arm with the palm up, and move their fingers toward themselves.

Here is another interesting story about a misunderstanding of body language.

An American took a trip to the countryside of Austria. At a restaurant, he had a wonderful meal and experienced good service from the waiter. At the end of his meal, he wanted to thank the waiter for the delicious meal. As usual, he made a thumbs-up gesture. The waiter became angry and ran toward the manager to complain about the customer. Later, the tourist was kicked out of the restaurant by the waiter.

What was wrong with his body language? He didn't know that the thumbs-up gesture is impolite in Austria.

- LESSON 10 -

Reading 1  20세기에 인간이 이룩한 업적에 대해 생각해 봅시다.

What was the Greatest Achievement in the 20th Century?

The following is a conversation of Insu and his friends about great achievements in the 20th century. Let's read and talk about it.
Susan Insu Mike Susan Hana Mike Susan Mike Susan Insu Susan Insu Mike Jiyeon	The other day, I watched a TV program about the great achievements of human beings in the 20th century. I learned that we really accomplished a lot in the past century. We sure did. What do you think was the greatest achievement of the 20th century, Susan? I think Penicillin was the most important invention for human beings. It saved many lives. Without it, many people could be killed from illness. I have a different idea. I think it was television. Thanks to the invention of television, we are able to watch real pictures of many events even if we are far away from them. Both of you may be right. By the way, did you know television was invented earlier than Penicillin? No, I didn't. I thought Penicillin was invented much earlier. Television was invented a few years earlier than Penicillin. Really? Another great achievement was the invention of the airplane. This transportation means has helped people travel long distances faster. For example, it takes less than two hours to fly from Seoul to Tokyo. In the past, it took more than two days to travel by ship between the two cities. Isn't that amazing? It sure is! What do you think is the greatest achievement, Mike? In my opinion, the greatest achievement of the last century is the invention of the computer. The invention of the computer makes it possible for us to solve difficult problems in a short time. The speed of computers is getting hundreds or thousands of times faster than before. It is a magic machine. Today, we are using it in every field of daily life. I don't agree with you. The computer may be the greatest invention of human beings, but I think the greatest achievement was man's landing on the moon.

Reading 2

What Changes Do You Expect in the New Millenium?

The year 2001 was the beginning of a new millennium as well as a new century. Although human beings have accomplished many great achievements, more advanced inventions are needed for a better life in the future. As the world becomes more developed, more advanced science will be needed. For example, people want to be free from illness. Scientists are trying to read the human genome, which will make it possible to understand why people get sick. Special medicine will be invented to make the human lifespan longer.

In the future, robots will do all the difficult jobs for us. Scientists are developing robots which will be able to think like human beings.

To communicate, you won't use a traditional phone or even a cellular phone. A small TV phone, like a watch, will be developed in the future. This personal communication machine will help you keep in touch with your family and friends anytime and anywhere.

For travel, your car will work without a driver. It will drive automatically by its own built-in computer. In the near future, a rocket plane will take you to America or Europe within two or three hours. In addition, you will be able to travel into space and spend your vacation at a space town on the moon.

In the future, many useful things will be invented to bring us a more comfortable life than now.

- LESSON 11 -

Reading 1  소리의 특성에 대해 생각해 봅시다.

How Fast Can Sound Travel?

Here are some facts about sound you may never have thought about. Let's read the dialog and see how much you know about sound.

T: How fast should a thing vibrate to make audible sound?

S: I don't know. Maybe one hundred times a second?

T: Not that fast. Sound is audible only when a thing is vibrating faster than twenty times a second.

S: Slower than I thought!

T: But the more interesting fact is that if the vibration is faster than twenty thousand times per second, sound becomes inaudible.

S: I didn't know that, either.

T: Where is sound able to travel faster, in air or in water?

S: In air.

T: No. Sound travels at a speed of 335 meters per second in air. But it travels 1,435 meters in water.

S: Four times faster in water than in air?

T: Right! An even more interesting fact is that sound travels much faster in steel than in water. It travels five thousand meters per second in steel.

S: That's really amazing.

Reading 2  소리가 우리 생활에 주는 이점에 관하여 생각해 봅시다.

How Is Sound Used?

Today sound is used in many ways. Let's look at two examples of how sounds are used these days.

First, when doctors want to check the inside organs of a human body, they usually do an ultrasound checkup. Ultrasound, a high frequency sound, is too high for human beings to hear. But, this sound is helpful for checking diseases inside the body. Doctors do not need to open the sick person's body to see whether or not he or she has a disease.

Ultrasound is also used to check the baby of a pregnant woman. Doctors are able to see the baby on the screen and even hear the heartbeat of the baby through an ultrasound checkup. In this way, sound is used for medical purposes.

Sonar devices use sound too. They were developed by scientists to find things under water. Just like a bat, a sonar device can send out a sound wave. The sound comes back as an echo when it hits something. The computer, sensitive to sound, reads the echo and gives information about how far and how big the thing is. Today, with the help of a sonar device, scientists are working on a project in which they are trying to draw a map of underwater mountains.

- LESSON 12 -

Reading 1  인간과 동물간의 우정에 대해 생각해 봅시다.

Rontu, the Best Friend of an Indian Girl

The following story was written by an American writer, Scott O'Dell.* Although it is a short story, the story is true. It is a story about an Indian girl who lived alone on an island for many years. The girl made friends with a wild dog, named Rontu. He was her best friend until the day he died.

I never thought about myself without Rontu. He had been with me whenever I was happy or sad. He was my real friend or part of my family.

In the spring, whenever I went fishing, Rontu wouldn't go with me unless I told him to. He liked to lie in front of the house under the sun.

One evening Rontu barked at me to let him go out. It was when the moon was full that he usually did this and he came back in the morning. But, that evening there was no moon and he didn't return.

I waited for him all day until it was almost dark, and then I went out to the hill to look for him. There I found him lying alone in the back of a cave. At first I thought that he had been hurt, but he was okay. He touched my hand with his nose, but only once and then he was quiet without any movement. Since night had fallen and it was too dark for me to carry Rontu back, I stayed there. I sat beside him through the night and talked to him. At dawn I took him in my arms and left the cave. I felt that he was very light.

Reading 2  인간과 동물간의 우정을 묘사한 문학 작품에 관하여 알아봅시다.

Rontu's Death and the Aftermath

The sun was up as I went along the hill by the sea. Seagulls were crying in the sky. He raised his ears at the sound. I put him down. Then I thought he wished to bark at them as he always did. He raised his head and followed them with his eyes, but he did not make a sound.

"Rontu," I said "You have always liked to bark at the seagulls. Whole mornings and afternoons you have barked at them. Bark at them now for me."

But he did not look at them again. Slowly he walked to me and fell at my feet. I put my hand on his body. I could feel his heart beating, but it beat only twice, very slowly, and then no more. "Rontu," I cried. "Oh, Rontu!" Rontu left me, but he would stay in my mind forever.

It was late summer when Rontu died of old age. During that winter I did not go to the hill at all. I ate the things I had stored and left the house only to get water from the spring. It was a winter of strong winds and rain, and wild waves hit the rocks by the sea. During that time I made some snares. A few months later, when I was on my way to the place where the sea elephants lived, I saw a young dog that looked like Rontu. He was running with some other wild dogs. At a glance, I was sure he was Rontu's son.

He was larger than the other dogs and had yellow eyes and he ran like Rontu. I planned to catch him with the snares I had made.